The Top 5 Common Cat Health Problems You Should Know About

As a cat parent, being aware of common health issues can help you spot problems early and get your feline friend the care they need. Early detection often leads to better outcomes and can save you and your cat from unnecessary stress. Let's explore the five most common health problems cats face, their symptoms, and what you should know about each.

1. Dental Disease

Dental disease affects approximately 70% of cats by the age of three, making it one of the most prevalent health issues in felines.

Symptoms to watch for:

• Bad breath

• Red or swollen gums

• Yellow or brown buildup on teeth

• Difficulty eating or dropping food

• Excessive drooling

• Pawing at the mouth

• Weight loss

Periodontal disease begins with plaque that hardens into tartar. Without treatment, this can lead to painful gum inflammation, tooth loss, and even bacterial infections that can spread to vital organs like the heart and kidneys.

2. Urinary Tract Issues

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) encompasses several conditions that affect a cat's bladder and urethra.

Symptoms to watch for:

• Frequent attempts to urinate

• Straining in the litter box

• Urinating outside the litter box

• Blood in urine

• Excessive licking of genital area

• Crying while urinating

• Lethargy or depression

Male cats are particularly susceptible to urethral blockages, which prevent them from urinating. This is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention. Stress, diet, and hydration all play important roles in urinary health.

3. Obesity

Over 50% of indoor cats are overweight or obese, which can lead to numerous health complications.

Symptoms to watch for:

• Inability to feel ribs under a layer of fat

• No visible waistline

• Rounder face

• Difficulty grooming

• Reduced activity and playfulness

• Difficulty jumping

• Larger abdomen that may sway when walking

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, and reduced lifespan. Diet management and regular exercise are crucial for prevention and treatment.

4. Parasites

External and internal parasites commonly affect cats, with fleas being the most frequent unwelcome guests.

Symptoms to watch for:

Fleas and external parasites:

• Excessive scratching, licking, or biting

• Hair loss

• Visible fleas or flea dirt (looks like black pepper)

• Skin irritation or redness

• Restlessness

Internal parasites (worms):

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Pot-bellied appearance

• Weight loss despite good appetite

• Visible worms in stool or vomit

• Lethargy

• Poor coat condition

Both indoor and outdoor cats can get parasites. Regular preventative treatments and veterinary check-ups are essential for managing this common problem.

5. Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 30-40% of cats over age 10, making it a significant concern for older felines.

Symptoms to watch for:

• Increased thirst and urination

• Reduced appetite

• Weight loss

• Lethargy

• Vomiting

• Bad breath with a urine-like odor

• Poor coat condition

• Hiding behavior

While kidney disease is often progressive, early detection and management can significantly improve quality of life and slow the disease's progression. Regular veterinary blood work for older cats is crucial for early detection.

When to See a Veterinarian

While some symptoms may seem minor, it's always better to err on the side of caution. Contact your veterinarian if you notice:

• Changes in eating or drinking habits

• Sudden weight loss or gain

• Lethargy or behavior changes

• Difficulty urinating or defecating

• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea

• Respiratory issues

• Any symptom that persists for more than 24-48 hours

Regular veterinary check-ups, proper nutrition, and preventative care can help keep your cat healthy and happy for years to come. Remember that cats are masters at hiding illness, so staying vigilant about subtle changes in behavior or habits is crucial for early detection of health problems.